Stationary and downwind AWES as the two main AWE categories?

Lift and drag categories are often used in scientific circles. But these terms can lead to some confusion as crosswind kites use their high lift to drag ratio to increase the power, and in the same time are also drag devices if the generators are onboard.

Groundgen and flygen categories are also used sometimes. Yet the groundgen Daisy system is closer to the flygen Makani system than a groundgen yoyo: that’s what this linked paper shows, rating the first two for 16/27 and the last for 4/27. Indeed Makani and Daisy have both a stationary swept area. Makani works like a wind turbine with secondary rotors, so by using torque. Daisy and SuperTurbine ™ use torque also, although it is torque transfer.

Making stationary and downwind AWES categories leads to a faster view about the efficiency per swept area unity (leading to power/land use ratio), and makes it possible to encompass almost all of the AWES, even the carousels.