An alternative to clamps might be something like this, although to me that looks worse, heavier and more complex and much more draggy, than using clamps. Maybe it still needs winches and clamps to avoid slack lines while the shaft is folded in: From Paper to Bionics: Origami’s Incredible Impact on Science | FD Engineering
The shaft would start as a folded in helix, for example. You would start the rotation of the arms of the ground station, that would allow the kites to also start rotating and catch the wind. You then let the kites rotate more quickly than the arms of the ground station, which would unfold the shaft, in theory. You would probably need winches to fold the shaft back in.
Or there’s this:
The interfaces between different dominoes could look a bit like those of the wing sections here: